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Calculators

Choose a calculator to tune your PCB design

PCB Structures

Trace Width Calculator

Trace Width Calculator


Inputs:

Current Amps
Thickness
Trace_Width

Feilds are auto updating

Optional Inputs:

Temperature Rise Deg
Ambient Temperature Deg
Track Length

Results for Internal layers:

Req. Track width
Resistance Ohm
Voltage Drop Volts
Power Loss Watts

Results for External Layers in Air:

Req. track width
Resistance Ohm
Voltage Drop Volts
Power Loss Watts

Calculator are based on a curve fit to IPC-2221 (formerly IPC-D-275).
Microstrip Impedance

Microstrip Impedance

Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 3.0

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Stripline Impedance

Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Stripline Impedance

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Embedded Microstrip Impedance

Embedded Microstrip Impedance


Note: valid for (h1/h) greater than 1.2

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (trace dielectric thickness) =
h1 (overall dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Embedded Microstrip

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (outer dielectric thickness) =
h1 (center dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Broadside Coupled Stripline

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Asymmetric Stripline Impedance

Asymmetric Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (smaller dielectric thickness) =
h1 (larger dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Asymmetric Stripline

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Differential Microstrip Impedance

Differential Microstrip Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 3.0

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Differential Microstrip2

Zd (Differential Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Differential Microstrip Impedance From Zo

Differential Microstrip Impedance From Zo



Dimensional units: mm mils
Zo (single ended impedance, Ohms) =
d (trace separation) =
h (dielectric thickness) =

Differential Microstrip from Zo

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Differential Stripline Impedance

Differential Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Differential Stripline2 Impedance

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Differential Stripline Impedance From Zo

Differential Stripline Impedance From Zo



Dimensional units: mm mils
Zo (single ended impedance, Ohms) =
d (trace separation) =
h (dielectric thickness) =

Differential Microstrip from Zo

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Plane Impedance

Plane Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mil
w (width) =
h (height) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Plane Impedance

L (inductance, nH) =
C (capacitance, pF) =
Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line

Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line



Dimensional units: mm inch
Zo (unloaded trace impedance, Ohms) =
Tpd (unloaded propagation delay, ps/unit len) =
Cl (distributed capacitve load, pf) =
len (transmission line Length) =


Loaded Transmission Line

Discrete Structures

Wire Inductance

Wire Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
len (length) =
d (diameter) =

Wire Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =
Strap Inductance

Strap Inductance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Strap Inductance

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm
Air Core Solenoid

Air Core Solenoid



Dimensional units: mm mils
d (diameter) =
len (length) =
N (number of turns) =

Solenoid Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =
Air Core Flat Spiral Inductance

Air Core Flat Spiral Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
d1 (outer diameter) =
d2 (inner diameter) =
N (number of turns) =

Flat Spiral

L (Inductance, nH) =
Toroid Inductance

Toroid Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
len (Length) =
d1 (outer diameter) =
d2 (inner diameter) =
ur (relative permeability) =
N (number of turns) =

Toroid Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =
Mutual and Leakage Inductance

Mutual and Leakage Inductance


L1 (Inductance, uH) =
L2 (Inductance, uH) =

L1_leak (Inductance, uH)) =
L2_leak (Inductance, uH) =
Note: Calculations assume zero coil resistance
Twisted Pair Impedance

Twisted Pair Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mils
s (wire separation) =
d (wire diameter) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Twisted Pair

Coaxial Line Impedance

Coaxial Line Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mil
di (inner diameter) =
do (outer diameter) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Coaxial Line

Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator



Dimensional units: metric english
rho (resistivity, nOhms*m) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
TC (temp coefficient, ppm/C) =
T (operating temperture, Deg C) =
Fo (frequency, MHz) =
AWG (Wire Gauge) =

Skin Depth

Default Material = Copper

Signal Management

Pi and Tee Attenuator Pad

Pi and Tee Attenuator Pad



Port 1 Characteristic Impedance, Z1 (Ohms) =
Port 2 Characteristic Impedance, Z2 (Ohms) =
A (Attenuation, dB) =

Pi and Tee Attenuator

Pi Attenuator Pad:
R1 ( Ohms) =
R2 ( Ohms) =
R3 ( Ohms) =
Tee Attenuator Pad:
R1 ( Ohms) =
R2 ( Ohms) =
R3 ( Ohms) =
Y and Delta Network Transformation

Y and Delta Network Transformation



Y Impedance, R1 (Ohms) =
Y Impedance, R2 (Ohms) =
Y Impedance, R3 (Ohms) =
Transform Y to Delta:

Y Network

Delta Impedance, Ra (Ohms) =
Delta Impedance, Rb (Ohms) =
Delta Impedance, Rc (Ohms) =
Transform Delta to Y:

Delta Network

Add Series/ Parallel Resistor:

1:N Resistive Splitter

1:N Resistive Splitter



Port Characteristic Impedance, Zo (Ohms) =
N (Number of split ports, 1:N) =
A (Attenuation, dB) =

1 to N Resistive Splitter

Series Resistance - R1 ( Ohms) =
Shunt Resistance - R2 ( Ohms) =
Return Loss and VSWR

Return Loss and VSWR



Port Z1 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = ,j
Port Z2 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = ,j

Return Loss and VSWR

Reflection Coefficient (Lin Mag,Deg) = ,
Return Loss = S11 (dB, Deg)= ,
Mismatch Loss (ML, dB)=
VSWR =
Matching Network

Matching Network



Port Z1 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = , j
Port Z2 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = , j
Operating Frequency, Fo (MHz) =

Impedance Matching Network

Lower, Higher Impedance Port ZLOW= ZHIGH=
Option 1:
Series, Shunt Matching Impedance (Ohms) ja= jb=
Option 2:
Series, Shunt Matching Impedance (Ohms) ja= jb=
Series to Parallel Impedance Conversion

Series to Parallel Impedance Conversion



Series Impedance (Z=a+jb) Ohms = , j
Parallel Impedance (Z=c//jd) Ohms = , j
Z (Ohms, Deg) = ,

Series To Parallel Conversion


r+jx (Ohms)

 , j

Operating Frequency (MHz) =


C (pF)


L (nH)
Reference Impedance (Z0r,jZ0i) Ohms = , j
VSWR =

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