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Calculators

Choose a calculator to tune your PCB design

Trace Width Calculator


Inputs:

Current Amps
Thickness
Trace_Width

Feilds are auto updating

Optional Inputs:

Temperature Rise Deg
Ambient Temperature Deg
Track Length

Results for Internal layers:

Req. Track width
Resistance Ohm
Voltage Drop Volts
Power Loss Watts

Results for External Layers in Air:

Req. track width
Resistance Ohm
Voltage Drop Volts
Power Loss Watts

Calculator are based on a curve fit to IPC-2221 (formerly IPC-D-275).

Microstrip Impedance

Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 3.0

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Stripline Impedance

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Embedded Microstrip Impedance


Note: valid for (h1/h) greater than 1.2

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (trace dielectric thickness) =
h1 (overall dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Embedded Microstrip

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (outer dielectric thickness) =
h1 (center dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Broadside Coupled Stripline

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Asymmetric Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (smaller dielectric thickness) =
h1 (larger dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Asymmetric Stripline

Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Differential Microstrip Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 3.0

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Differential Microstrip2

Zd (Differential Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Differential Microstrip Impedance From Zo



Dimensional units: mm mils
Zo (single ended impedance, Ohms) =
d (trace separation) =
h (dielectric thickness) =

Differential Microstrip from Zo

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =

Differential Stripline Impedance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Differential Stripline2 Impedance

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Differential Stripline Impedance From Zo



Dimensional units: mm mils
Zo (single ended impedance, Ohms) =
d (trace separation) =
h (dielectric thickness) =

Differential Microstrip from Zo

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =

Plane Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mil
w (width) =
h (height) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Plane Impedance

L (inductance, nH) =
C (capacitance, pF) =

Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line



Dimensional units: mm inch
Zo (unloaded trace impedance, Ohms) =
Tpd (unloaded propagation delay, ps/unit len) =
Cl (distributed capacitve load, pf) =
len (transmission line Length) =


Loaded Transmission Line

Wire Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
len (length) =
d (diameter) =

Wire Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =

Strap Inductance


Note: valid for (w/h) from 0.1 to 2.0 and (t/h) less than 0.25

Dimensional units: mm mils
w (trace width) =
d (trace separation) =
t (trace thickness) =
h (dielectric thickness) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Strap Inductance

Zd (Impedance, Ohms) =
Note: 1oz = 1.4mils = 0.03556mm

Air Core Solenoid



Dimensional units: mm mils
d (diameter) =
len (length) =
N (number of turns) =

Solenoid Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =

Air Core Flat Spiral Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
d1 (outer diameter) =
d2 (inner diameter) =
N (number of turns) =

Flat Spiral

L (Inductance, nH) =

Toroid Inductance



Dimensional units: mm mils
len (Length) =
d1 (outer diameter) =
d2 (inner diameter) =
ur (relative permeability) =
N (number of turns) =

Toroid Inductance

L (Inductance, nH) =

Mutual and Leakage Inductance


L1 (Inductance, uH) =
L2 (Inductance, uH) =

L1_leak (Inductance, uH)) =
L2_leak (Inductance, uH) =
Note: Calculations assume zero coil resistance

Twisted Pair Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mils
s (wire separation) =
d (wire diameter) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Twisted Pair

Coaxial Line Impedance



Dimensional units: mm mil
di (inner diameter) =
do (outer diameter) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
er (relative dielectric constant) =

Coaxial Line

Skin Depth Calculator



Dimensional units: metric english
rho (resistivity, nOhms*m) =
ur (relative magnetic permeability) =
TC (temp coefficient, ppm/C) =
T (operating temperture, Deg C) =
Fo (frequency, MHz) =
AWG (Wire Gauge) =

Skin Depth

Default Material = Copper

Pi and Tee Attenuator Pad



Port 1 Characteristic Impedance, Z1 (Ohms) =
Port 2 Characteristic Impedance, Z2 (Ohms) =
A (Attenuation, dB) =

Pi and Tee Attenuator

Pi Attenuator Pad:
R1 ( Ohms) =
R2 ( Ohms) =
R3 ( Ohms) =
Tee Attenuator Pad:
R1 ( Ohms) =
R2 ( Ohms) =
R3 ( Ohms) =

Y and Delta Network Transformation



Y Impedance, R1 (Ohms) =
Y Impedance, R2 (Ohms) =
Y Impedance, R3 (Ohms) =
Transform Y to Delta:

Y Network

Delta Impedance, Ra (Ohms) =
Delta Impedance, Rb (Ohms) =
Delta Impedance, Rc (Ohms) =
Transform Delta to Y:

Delta Network

Add Series/ Parallel Resistor:

1:N Resistive Splitter



Port Characteristic Impedance, Zo (Ohms) =
N (Number of split ports, 1:N) =
A (Attenuation, dB) =

1 to N Resistive Splitter

Series Resistance - R1 ( Ohms) =
Shunt Resistance - R2 ( Ohms) =

Return Loss and VSWR



Port Z1 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = ,j
Port Z2 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = ,j

Return Loss and VSWR

Reflection Coefficient (Lin Mag,Deg) = ,
Return Loss = S11 (dB, Deg)= ,
Mismatch Loss (ML, dB)=
VSWR =

Matching Network



Port Z1 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = , j
Port Z2 Real, Imaginary Impedance (Ohms) = , j
Operating Frequency, Fo (MHz) =

Impedance Matching Network

Lower, Higher Impedance Port ZLOW= ZHIGH=
Option 1:
Series, Shunt Matching Impedance (Ohms) ja= jb=
Option 2:
Series, Shunt Matching Impedance (Ohms) ja= jb=

Series to Parallel Impedance Conversion



Series Impedance (Z=a+jb) Ohms = , j
Parallel Impedance (Z=c//jd) Ohms = , j
Z (Ohms, Deg) = ,

Series To Parallel Conversion


r+jx (Ohms)

 , j

Operating Frequency (MHz) =


C (pF)


L (nH)
Reference Impedance (Z0r,jZ0i) Ohms = , j
VSWR =

PCB Structures

Trace Width Calculator
Microstrip Impedance
Stripline Impedance
Embedded Microstrip Impedance
Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance
Asymmetric Stripline Impedance
Differential Microstrip Impedance
Differential Microstrip Impedance From Zo
Differential Stripline Impedance
Differential Stripline Impedance From Zo
Plane Impedance
Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line

Discrete Structures

Wire Inductance
Strap Inductance
Air Core Solenoid
Air Core Flat Spiral Inductance
Toroid Inductance
Mutual and Leakage Inductance
Twisted Pair Impedance
Coaxial Line Impedance
Skin Depth Calculator

Signal Management

Pi and Tee Attenuator Pad
Y and Delta Network Transformation
1:N Resistive Splitter
Return Loss and VSWR
Matching Network
Series to Parallel Impedance Conversion

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